Examining the Impact of Artificial Intelligence Applications on Generation Z Through the Example of ChatGPT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20563226Keywords:
ChatGPT, Generation Z, AttitudeAbstract
This study aims to examine the attitudes (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral) of Generation Z towards ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence application developed by OpenAI. A non-probabilistic sampling method, convenience sampling, was employed. The data collected were analyzed using MAXQDA software. According to the research findings, the most important factors in deciding to use ChatGPT are friends/social circle and social media. The most significant variable in the motivation for using ChatGPT is access to information. The prominent dimensions in ChatGPT usage behavior are academic life, assignments, and information acquisition. In the emotional dimension of attitudes towards ChatGPT, the most prominent variable is curiosity, followed by admiration, anxiety, excitement, and doubt. In negative evaluations of ChatGPT, ethical and security concerns and distrust of the information obtained stand out. Participants are aware of various risks associated with the use of AI: the risk of replacing human interaction, posing a threat to social skills and emotional regulation; ethical issues and data security concerns, increasing participants' need for fact-checking behavior. This research focuses on a significant gap in the field by examining how Generation Z's attitudes (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral) towards the ChatGPT artificial intelligence application are formed, which dimensions and factors influence Generation Z.
References
Abdulhajar, E., Wahyusari, A., Nevrita, N., Irawan, D., Zaitun, Z., Sartika, D., & Hasyim, T. (2024). Students' Acceptance of ChatGPT Technology: A Study of Its Positive and Negative Impacts on Academic Ethics and Learning Performance. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 205, p. 07003). EDP Sciences.
Abun, D., Magallanes, T., Foronda, S. L., & Incarnacion, M. J. (2019). Investigation of cognitive and affective attitude of teachers toward research and their behavioral intention to conduct research in the future. Journal of Humanities and Education Development (JHED), 1(5), 2581-8651.
Acosta-Enriquez, B. G., Arbulú Ballesteros, M. A., Arbulu Perez Vargas, C. G., Orellana Ulloa, M. N., Gutiérrez Ulloa, C. R., Pizarro Romero, J. M., ... & López Roca, C. (2024a). Knowledge, attitudes, and perceived Ethics regarding the use of ChatGPT among generation Z university students. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 20(1), 10.
Acosta-Enriquez, B. G., Vargas, C. G. A. P., Jordan, O. H., Ballesteros, M. A. A., & Morales, A. E. P. (2024b). Exploring attitudes toward ChatGPT among college students: An empirical analysis of cognitive, affective, and behavioral components using path analysis. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, 100320.
Agrawal, D. K. (2023). COVID-19-induced shopping behavioural shifts justifying pandemic as ‘defining moment’ for generation Z. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 51(5), 611. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-10-2022-0364
Ajlouni, A. O., Wahba, F. A. A., & Almahaireh, A. S. (2023). Students' Attitudes Towards Using ChatGPT as a Learning Tool: The Case of the University of Jordan. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 17(18).
Ajzen, I. (2001) Nature and operation of attitudes. Ann Rev Psychol 52:27–58. https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV.PSYCH.52.1.27
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2000). Attitudes and the attitude-behavior relation: Reasoned and automatic processes. European review of social psychology, 11(1), 1-33.
Alam, S. M., & Iqbal, M. M. (2007). Consumer attitude toward new products in Dhaka City: a case study of two products.
Alameeri, K.A., Alshurideh, M.T. and Al Kurdi, B. (2021), “The effect of Covid-19 pandemic on business systems’ innovation and entrepreneurship and how to cope with it: a theatrical view”, The Effect of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on Business Intelligence, Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 275-288.
Alanzi, T., Alsalem, A. A., Alzahrani, H., Almudaymigh, N., Alessa, A., Mulla, R., Alqahtani, L., Bajonaid, R., Alharthi, A., Alnahdi, O. S., & Alanzi, N. (2023). AI-Powered mental health virtual assistants acceptance: an empirical study on ınfluencing factors among generations X, Y, and Z. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.49486
Ameen, N., Hosany, S., & Taheri, B. (2023). Generation Z’s psychology and new‐age technologies: Implications for future research. Psychology and Marketing, 40(10), 2029. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21868
Arkonaç, S. A. (2016). İnsan insan içinde: Ana akım ve eleştirel sosyal psikoloji İstanbul: Hiperlink Yayınları.
Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., & Akert, R. M. (2012). Sosyal psikoloji (Gündüz, O. Çev.), İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
Atay, A. (2024). Gen Z, Explained: The art of living in a digital age. Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews, 53(3), 257. https://doi.org/10.1177/00943061241240882v
Aziz, A. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri ve teknikleri, Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
Barhate, B., & Dirani, K. M. (2021). Career aspirations of generation Z: a systematic literature review. European Journal of Training and Development, 46, 139. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-07-2020-0124
Basid, R., & Atmaja, J. (2022). The effect of generation z workforce characteristics on the gig economy with work life ıntegration as a mediator. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.31-3-2022.2320670
Biloš, A., & Budimir, B. (2024). Understanding the adoption dynamics of ChatGPT among generation Z: Insights from a modified UTAUT2 model. Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research, 19(2), 863-879.
Budiman, T., & Franky, F. (2021). The relationship pattern of ınternet usage frequency, generation Z characteristics, and teaching method in the millennium era. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 15(18), 178. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i18.24555
Chapman, H. E., & Abraham, A. (2024). Trending now: Implicit factors ınfluence users’ online audiovisual media motivations and engagement. Imagination Cognition and Personality, 44(2), 195. https://doi.org/10.1177/02762366241263842
Chen, Y., Tang, S. Y.-C., & Chen, C. (2024). The ethical deliberation of generative AI in media applications. Emerging Media. https://doi.org/10.1177/27523543241277563
Chiu, H. C. (2002). A study on the cognitive and affective components of service quality. Total Quality Management, 13(2), 265-274.
Choi, E. P. H., Lee, J. J., Ho, M.-H., Kwok, J. Y. Y., & Lok, K. Y. W. (2023). Chatting or cheating? The impacts of ChatGPT and other artificial intelligence language models on nurse education. Nurse Education Today, 125, Article 105796. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105796
Creswell, J. W. (2015). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative (5th ed.). Pearson Education.
Creswell, J. W. & Poth C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry & research design choosing among five approaches (5th ed.). Sage.
Cüceloğlu, D. (2014). İnsan ve davranışı İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
Damanik, E. S. D. (2024). Student Attitude toward Chat GPT as Learning Aid Tool. In Proceeding of International Seminar Enrichment of Career by Knowledge of Language and Literature (Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 133-140).
Damanik, J., Priyambodo, T. K., Wibowo, M. E., Pitanatri, P. D. S., & Wachyuni, S. S. (2022). Travel behaviour differences among Indonesian youth in generations Y and Z: pre-, during and post-travel. Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality, 18(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.1108/cbth-07-2021-0184
Danry, V., Leong, J., Pataranutaporn, P., Tandon, P., Liu, Y., Shilkrot, R., Punpongsanon, P., Weissman, T., Maes, P., & Sra, M. (2022). AI-Generated characters: putting deepfakes to good use. CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3503736
Dassouli, S., Satt, H., & Senhaji, N. (2025). Attitude and behavior towards chatbots: case of the beauty care industry. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 19(1), 51-74.
Ebardo, R., & Suarez, M. T. (2023). Do cognitive, affective and social needs influence mobile learning adoption in emergency remote teaching?. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 18, 014-014.
Ellul, J. (2003). Teknoloji toplumu, (Ceylan, M. Çev.), Bakış Yayınları.
Ellul, J. (2015). Sözün düşüşü, (Arslan, H. Çev.), Paradigma Yayınları.
Ertürk, Y. D. (2017). Davranışlarımız ve biz: Sosyal psikoloji bakışıyla kalabalık içinde ben olmak İstanbul: Pozitif Yayınları.
Fishbein M. & Ajzen I. (1975) Strategies of Change: Active Participation. Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research 411–450
Foucault, M. (2015a). Biyopolitikanın doğuşu: College de France dersleri (1978-1979). (Tayla, A. Çev.). Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Foucault, M. (2015b). İktidarın gözü. (Ergüden, I. Çev.). Ayrıntı Yayınları.
Foucault, M. (2018). Toplumu savunmak gerekir: College de France dersleri (1975-1976). (Aktaş, Ş. Çev.). Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık.
Fuchs, C. (2015). Dijital emek ve Karl Marx, (Kalaycı, T. E. & Oğuz, S. Çev.), NotaBene Yayınları.
Fuchs, C. (2016). Sosyal medya: Eleştirel bir giriş, (Kalaycı, İ. & Saraçoğlu, D. Çev.), NotaBene Yayınları.
Gámez Gutiérrez, J., Saiz-Álvarez, J. M., & Gil Ángel, G. (2017). A cognitive, emotional and behavioral assessment of Colombian entrepreneurs attitudes toward corruption. Revista Universidad y Empresa, 19(33), 9-51.
Garcia-Santillan, A., Moreno-Garcia, E., Carlos-Castro, J., Zamudio-Abdala, J. H., & Garduno-Trejo, J. (2012). Cognitive, affective and behavioral components that explain attitude toward statistics. Journal of mathematics research, 4(5), 8.
Gerrig, R. & Zimbardo, P. (2018). Psikoloji ve yaşam: Psikolojiye giriş (Sart, G. Çev.), Ankara: Nobel Akademi Yayıncılık.
Goh, E., & Baum, T. (2021). Job perceptions of Generation Z hotel employees towards working in Covid-19 quarantine hotels: the role of meaningful work. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(5), 1688. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-11-2020-1295
Güney, S. (2012). Sosyal psikoloji Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
Han, B. C. (2022a). Psikopolitika: Neoliberalizm ve yeni iktidar teknikleri. (Barışcan, H. Çev.), Metis Yayınları.
Han, B. C. (2022b). Enfokrasi: Dijitalleşme ve demokrasinin krizi. (Özdemir, M. Çev.). Ketebe Yayınları.
Han, B. C. (2023). Ritüellerin yok oluşuna dair: Günümüzün bir topolojisi. Çeviren Çağlar Tanyeri. İnka Kitap.
Han, B. C. (2024). Sürünün içinde: Dijital dünyaya bakışlar. (Sarıkartal, Z. Çev.), İnka Kitap.
Holmes, J., Liu, Z., Zhang, L., Ding, Y., Sio, T. T., McGee, L. A., ... & Liu, W. (2023). Evaluating large language models on a highly-specialized topic, radiation oncology physics. Frontiers in Oncology, 13, 1219326.
Hu, S. (2024). The psychological ımpact of social media on gen Z. Interdisciplinary Humanities and Communication Studies, 1(5). https://doi.org/10.61173/4aqek196
İnceoğlu, M. (2011). Tutum, algı, iletişim Ankara: Ekinoks Yayın Dağıtım.
Jayatissa, K. A. D. U. (2023). Generation Z – A new lifeline: A systematic literature review. Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(2), 179. https://doi.org/10.4038/sljssh.v3i2.110
Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. & Cemalcılar, Z. (2015). Dünden bugüne insan ve insanlar: Sosyal psikolojiye giriş İstanbul: Evrim Yayınevi.
Kavitha, K., & Joshith, V. P. (2024). Factors shaping the adoption of AI tools among gen Z: An extended UTAUT2 model ınvestigation using CB-SEM. Bulletin of Science Technology & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676241283362
Kim, J., & Moon, J. (2025). Determinants of usefulness of chat GPT for learning in technology acceptance model (TAM) using information credibility, fun, and responsiveness and moderating role of fun. SAGE Open, 15(1), 21582440251320173
Lazar, M.-A., Zbuchea, A., & Pînzaru, F. (2023). The emerging generation Z workforce in the digital world: A literature review on cooperation and transformation. proceedings of the ... International Conference on Business Excellence, 17(1), 1991. https://doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2023-0175
Magni, D., Gaudio, G. D., Papa, A., & Corte, V. D. (2023). Digital humanism and artificial intelligence: the role of emotions beyond the human–machine interaction in Society 5.0. Journal of Management History, 30(2), 195. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmh-12-2022-0084
Mahecwara, A. P., Antasari, T. D., Pratama, M. D. P., & Fitriono, R. A. (2022). Implementation of pancasila values in generation Z. AURELIA Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia, 1(2), 221. https://doi.org/10.57235/aurelia.v1i2.154
Myers, D, G. (2017). Sosyal psikoloji (Akfırat, S. Çev Ed.), Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
Myers, D, G. & Dewall, C, N. (2017). Psikoloji (Batıgün, A, D. Çev Ed.), Ankara: Palme Yayıncılık.
Nabahani, P. R., & Riyanto, S. (2020). Job satisfaction and work motivation in enhancing generation Z’s organizational commitment. Journal of Social Science, 1(5), 234. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsss.v1i5.39
Nader, K., Toprac, P., Scott, S., & Baker, S. (2022). Public understanding of artificial intelligence through entertainment media. AI & Society, 39(2), 713. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01427-w
Nameghi, E. N., & Shadi, M. A. (2013). Affective and cognitive: consumers attitude toward practicing green (reducing, recycling & reusing). International Journal of Marketing Studies, 5(1), 157.
Naureen, S., Kiani, H. G., Naureen, N., & Shafique, M. (2024). Comparison of Knowledge and Attitude Towards Chat GPT In First and Final-Year Dental Students. Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College, 28(1).
Nazir, A., & Wang, Z. (2023). A comprehensive survey of ChatGPT: advancements, applications, prospects, and challenges. Meta-radiology, 1(2), 100022.
Neuman, W, L. (2017). Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri: Nitel ve nicel yaklaşımlar, (Özge, S. Çev.), Ankara: Yayın Odası.
Ng, S. I., Ho, J. A., Lim, X., Chong, K. L., & Latiff, K. (2019). Mirror, mirror on the wall, are we ready for Gen-Z in marketplace? A study of smart retailing technology in Malaysia. Young Consumers Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers, 22(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.1108/yc-06-2019-1006
Nicolas, M. T. (2024). Improving work ethics and organizational citizenship behavior through positive cognitive and affective attitude toward work. Divine Word International Journal of management and Humanities, 3(2), 753-769.
Omrod, J. E. (2021). Öğrenme psikolojisi (Baloğlu, M. Çev. Ed.), Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
Pavlik, J. V. (2023). Collaborating With ChatGPT: Considering the ımplications of generative artificial ıntelligence for journalism and media education. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 78(1), 84. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776958221149577
Plakhotnik, M. S., Volkova, N., & Shahzad, M. (2024). Investigating job characteristics of generations Y and Z: A latent profile analysis. Global Business and Organizational Excellence. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22270
Proctor, T. 1997. Essential of Marketing Research, Pitman Publishing, Great Britain in London.
Przymuszała, P., Cerbin-Koczorowska, M., Marciniak-Stępak, P., Zielińska-Tomczak, Ł., Piszczek, M., Jasiński, J., & Marciniak, R. (2021). Affective and cognitive components of students’ attitudes towards communication learning-validation of the Communication Skills Attitude Scale in a cohort of polish medical students. BMC medical education, 21, 1-14.
Purwianti, L., Yulianto, E., & Katherine, K. (2024). The mediating role of trust in purchasing ıntention. International Journal of Applied Research in Business and Management, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.51137/ijarbm.2024.5.2.1
Rasul, T., Nair, S., Kalendra, D., Robin, M., de Oliveira Santini, F., Ladeira, W. J., ... & Heathcote, L. (2023). The role of ChatGPT in higher education: Benefits, challenges, and future research directions. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 41-56.
Rice, A. H., & Potts, W. (2024). Generation Z’s philanthropic engagement in the United States agrofood sector: Perceptions, motivations, and intentions. Journal of Agricultural Education, 65(1), 303. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v65i1.2577
Sánchez-García, M., & Batista-Foguet, J. M. (2008). Congruency of the cognitive and affective components of the attitude as a moderator on intention of condom use predictors. Social Indicators Research, 87, 139-155.
Sari, W. P., Bajari, A., Hafiar, H., & Lestari, P. (2023). Abdi Dalem Keraton Yogyakarta in the perception of Generation Z. Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, 11(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v11i1.44570
Serralvo, F. A. (2024). Consumer Attıtudes And Theır Influence On Brand Choıce: An Applıed Study Of The Content Analysıs Technıque. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18(11), 1-18.
Shi, Z. (2024). Discovering the Impact of Chinese Social Media Influencers on Generation Z Consumer Behaviour. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 185, p. 03012). EDP Sciences.
Skavronskaya, L., Hadinejad, A., & Cotterell, D. (2023). Reversing the threat of artificial intelligence to opportunity: A discussion of ChatGPT in tourism education. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2023.2196658
Smaliukienė, R., & Bekešienė, S. (2020). Towards sustainable human resources: How generational differences ımpact subjective wellbeing in the military? Sustainability, 12(23), 10016. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310016
Svenningsson, J., Höst, G., Hultén, M., & Hallström, J. (2022). Students’ attitudes toward technology: exploring the relationship among affective, cognitive and behavioral components of the attitude construct. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 32(3), 1531-1551.
Vindaca, O., Abolina, A., & Danilane, L. (2024, June). Transforming Higher Education in the Era of Artificial Intelligence Chat Tools: Case Study. In ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference (Vol. 2, pp. 310-316).
Vionita, F., & Siburian, R. A. (2024). Online grocery shopping ıntentions: A comparative study between gen millenials and gen Z in Indonesia. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, 5(11), 4864. https://doi.org/10.59141/jist.v5i11.7056
Xia, T., Zhang, S., Zhao, B., Lei, Y., Xiao, Z., Chen, B., ... & Ju, S. (2025). Attitudes of radiologists and interns toward the adoption of GPT-like technologies: a National Survey Study in China. Insights into Imaging, 16(1), 30.
Yilmaz, H., Maxutov, S., Baitekov, A., & Balta, N. (2023). Student’s Perception of Chat GPT: A Technology Acceptance Model Study. International Educational Review, 1 (1), 57–83.
Yu, H. (2023). Reflection on whether Chat GPT should be banned by academia from the perspective of education and teaching. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1181712.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Author(s) must make formal transfer of copyright for each article prior to publication in the International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences. Such transfer enables the Journal to defend itself against plagiarism and other forms of copyright infringement. Your cooperation is appreciated. You agree that copyright of your article to be published in the International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences is hereby transferred, throughout the World and for the full term and all extensions and renewals thereof, to International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences.
The Author(s) reserve(s): (a) the trademark rights and patent rights, if any, and (b) the right to use all or part of the information contained in this article in future, non-commercial works of the Author's own, or, if the article is a "work-for-hire" and made within the scope of the Author's employment, the employer may use all or part of the information contained in this article for intra-company use, provided the usual acknowledgements are given regarding copyright notice and reference to the original publication.
The Author(s) warrant(s) that the article is Author's original work, and has not been published before. If excerpts from copyrighted works are included, the Author will obtain written permission from the copyright owners and shall credit the sources in the article. The author also warrants that the article contains no libelous or unlawful statements, and does not infringe on the rights of others. If the article was prepared jointly with other Author(s), the Author agrees to inform the co-Author(s) of the terms of the copyright transfer and to sign on their behalf; or in the case of a "work-for-hire" the employer or an authorized representative of the employer.
The journal is registered with the ISSN : 1925-4423.
IJCEAS is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.
