The Economic Impacts of the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş-Centered Earthquakes on Entrepreneurs in Türkiye
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20153198Keywords:
Entrepreneurship, Economic Impact, Earthquake, Effect, DisasterAbstract
This study aims to examine the economic impacts of the Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquakes, which occurred on February 6, 2023, on entrepreneurs in Türkiye. Due to time and budget constraints, the research was conducted in the provinces of Kahramanmaraş, Adıyaman, Malatya, Gaziantep, and Hatay, which were both the most affected by the disaster. Semi-structured interviews were used as the data collection method. In-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of the Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Trade Chambers, Industry Chambers, and Commodity Exchanges operating in these provinces. The findings revealed significant issues, such as labor shortages and physical damage in the region, with many entrepreneurs losing their homes and/or workplaces. Some entrepreneurs were forced to relocate to other provinces to continue operations and avoid market losses. Furthermore, micro and small enterprises were identified as the most affected groups. Additionally, it was observed that the consumption preferences and priorities of businesses and individuals in the region shifted following the earthquake.
References
Ademola, A. Adebukolan, D. Adeola, C-S. Cajetan, A. Ve Christiana, U. 2016. “Effects of natural disasters on social and economic well being: Astudy in Nigeria”, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 17, 1–12.
Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı (AFAD), Açıklamalı Afet Yönetimi Terimleri Sözlüğü, https://www.afad.gov.tr/aciklamali-afet-yonetimi-terimleri-sozlugu. Son erişim tarihi:04.05.2023.
Altun, F. 2018. “Afetlerin Ekonomik ve Sosyal Etkileri: Türkiye Örneği Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme”, Sosyal Çalışma Dergisi, Cilt: 2, Sayı: 1, 1-15.
Aydınbaş, G. 2023. Sosyal Bilimlere Çok Yönlü Yaklaşımlar: Tarih, Turizm, Eğitim, Ekonomi, Siyaset ve İletişim içinde “Bölüm:9, Sosyoekonomik Boyutuyla Türkiye’de Depremler Üzerine Bir İnceleme: Kahramanmaraş Depremi Örneği”, Editörler: Karakuş, G., Yakut, F., Şimşek, N. D. Özgür Yayınları, Gaziantep.
Ballesteros, M. Ve Domingo, S. 2015. “Building Philippine SMEs Resilience to Natural Disasters”, Philippine Institute for Development Studies, DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES NO. 2015-20: 1-48.
Baltas, K., Fiordelisi, F., & Mare, D. S. (2022). Alternative finance after natural disasters. British Journal of Management, 33(1), 117-137.
Belasen, A. R., & Polachek, S. W. (2009). How disasters affect local labor markets: The effects of hurricanes in Florida. Journal of Human Resources, 44(1), 251-276.
Bolin, R. C., & Bolton, P. A. (1986). Race, religion, and ethnicity in disaster recovery.
Bradshaw, S. 2004. “Socio-economic impacts of natural disasters: a gender analysis”, Sustainable Development and Human Settlements División Women and Development Unit, United Nations Publications, Santiago, Chile.
Bustamante, C., Poblete, C., & Amorós, J. E. (2022). Entrepreneurial intentions in the context of a natural disaster. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 17(5), 1198-1217.
Cavallo, A., Cavallo, E., & Rigobon, R. (2014). Prices and supply disruptions during natural disasters. Review of Income and Wealth, 60, S449-S471.
CBI, (2016), “KOBİ’lerde Dayanıklılık: Yeni Riskler, Yeni Öncelikler CBI Türkiye Durum Değerlendirme Raporu - Karmaşık Acil Durumlar ve Doğal Afetler”, İstanbul, https://www.undp.org/tr/turkiye/publications/kobilerde-dayaniklilik-yeni-riskler-yeni-oncelikler, Son erişim tarihi: 07.04.2023.
Chang, S. E., Brown, C., Handmer, J., Helgeson, J., Kajitani, Y., Keating, A. vd. 2022. “Business recovery from disasters: Lessons from natural hazards and the COVID-19 pandemic”, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 80, 103191.
Cochrane H.C. 1992. “Overview of economic research on earthquake consequences.” In: The Committee on Earthquake Engineering, National Research Council (eds) The Economic Consequences of a Catastrophic Earthquake: Proceedings of a Forum. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Corey, C. M. Deitc, E. A. 2011. “Factors Affecting Business Recovery Immediately after Hurricane Katrina”. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. Volume 19 Number 3.
Davlasheridze, M., Fisher‐Vanden, K., & Allen Klaiber, H. (2017). The effects of adaptation measures on hurricane inducedproperty losses: Which FEMA investments have the highest returns? Journal of Environmental Economics andManagement,81,93–114
Davlasheridze, M., & Geylani, P. C. (2017). Small business vulnerability to floods and the effects of disaster loans. SmallBusiness Economics,49(4), 865–888.
Deryugina, T. (2017). The fiscal cost of hurricanes: Disaster aid versus social insurance. American Economic Journal:Economic Policy,9(3), 168–198.
Dong, L., & Shan, J. (2013). A comprehensive review of earthquake-induced building damage detection with remote sensing techniques. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 84, 85-99.
Fabeil, N. F. Marzuki. K. M. Razli, I. A. Majid, M. R. A. Marry. T. A. P. 2019. “The Impact of Earthquake on Small Business Performance: Evidence from Small Accommodation Services in Ranau, Sabah”, International Academic Journal of Business Management Vol. 6, No. 1, 301-313.
Gallagher, J., & Hartley, D. (2017). Household Finance after a natural disaster: The case of Hurricane Katrina.AmericanEconomic Journal: Economic Policy,9(3), 199–228.
Gassebner, M., Keck, A., & Teh, R. (2010). Shaken, not stirred: the impact of disasters on international trade. Review of international Economics, 18(2), 351-368.
Gegez, E. A. 2015. Pazarlama Araştırmaları. (5. Basım), İstanbul. Beta Yayınları.
Genç, F. N. 2021. Afet Yönetimi. (1. Basım). Ankara. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
Gökçe, O., & Tetik, Ç. (2012). Teoride ve pratikte afet sonrası iyileştirme çalışmaları. AFAD Yayınları.
Gunessee, S., Subramanian, N., & Ning, K. (2018). Natural disasters, PC supply chain and corporate performance. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 38(9), 1796-1814.
Halkos, G., Managi, S., & Tzeremes, N. G. (2015). The effect of natural and man-made disasters on countries’ production efficiency. Journal of Economic Structures, 4, 1-13.
Han, Y., Wei, J., & Zhao, Y. 2021. “Long-term effects of housing damage on survivors’ health in rural China: Evidence from a survey 10 Years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.” Social Science & Medicine, 270, 113641.
Hayta, A. B. 2012. Ekonomik Krizin Tüketicilerin Satın Alma Davranışı Üzerine Etkileri: Tüketici Yazıları III Kitabı içinde bölüm: Editörler: Prof. Dr. Müberra Babaoğul, Prof. Dr. Arzu Şener, Uzm. Esna Betül Buğday, TÜPADEM, Ankara.
https://ilkha.com/photo-gallery/malatyada-tarihi-misir-carsisi-esnafi-yikim-kararina-tepki-gosterdi-368951, Erişim tarihi: 28.05.2024
Kirchberger, M. (2017). Natural disasters and labor markets. Journal of Development Economics, 125, 40-58.
Larson, L. R., & Shin, H. (2018). Fear during natural disaster: Its impact on perceptions of shopping convenience and shopping behavior. Services Marketing Quarterly, 39(4), 293-309.
Macit, İ. 2018. Modern Bütünleşik Afet Yönetimi (1. Basım). Adana. Gece Kitaplığı.
Mahto, R. V. Contreras, O. L. Hebles, M. 2022. “Post-disaster recovery for family firms: The role of owner motivations, firm resources, and dynamic capabilities”. Journal of Business Research 145. 117–129.
Marangoz, M. 2020. Girişimcilik. (6. Basım), İstanbul, Beta Yayıncılık.
Marangoz, M. İzci, Ç. 2023. “Doğal Afetlerin Ekonomik, Sosyal ve Çevresel Etkilerinin 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş Merkezli Depremler Bağlamında Girişimciler Açısından Değerlendirilmesi”, Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi (SOBBİAD), Cilt:24, Sayı:52:1-30.
Meltzer, R. Ellen, G. I. Li, X. 2021. “Localized commercial effects from natural disasters: The case of Hurricane Sandy and New York City”, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 86,1-24.
Metcalf, G., Jenkinson, K. and Johnstone, K. A. 2010. Changing Climate For Business. 3rd ed. Oxford: UK Climate Impacts Programme.
Miao, Q., Hou, Y., & Abrigo, M. R. M. (2018). Measuring the financial shocks of natural disasters: A panel study of US states.National Tax Journal,71(1), 11–44.
Noy, I. 2009. “The macroeconomic consequences of disasters”. Journal of Development Economics, 88 (2), 221–231.
Panwar, V., ve Sen, S. 2019. “Economic Impact of Natural Disasters: An Empirical Re-examination”, Margin—The Journal of Applied Economic Research 13: 1: 109–139.
Peacock WG, Girar C. 1997. Ethnic and racial inequalities in hurricane damage and insurance. In Hurricane Andrew: Ethnicity, Gender, and the Sociology of Disasters, ed. WG Peacock, BH Morrow, H Gladwin, pp. 171–90. Oxon, UK: Routledge
Penning-Rowsell, E., Sue, T., ve Theresa W. 2005. "Key policy implications of the health effects of floods." Extreme Weather Events and Public Health Responses. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 207-223.
Presidency Of The Republic Of Türkiye Presidency Of Strategy And Budget (2023). Türkiye Earthquakes Recovery And Reconstruction Assessment (TERRA).
Reyhanoğlu, M. Ve Habiboğlu, M. 2023. “Kahramanmaraş Merkezli Depremin Antakya’daki KOBİ'lerin Toparlanmaları ve Yeni Olanaklar Sağlamalarına Etkisi”, İnterdisipliner Yaklaşımla Hatay’da Afet Deneyimi: 6 Şubat 2023 Depremini Tarihe Not Düşmek, İçinde Bölüm Yazarı, Editör: Eren, V. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara. 243-270.
Salvato C, Sargiacomo M, Amore MD, ve Minichilli A. 2020. “Natural disasters as a source of entrepreneurial opportunity: Family business resilience after an earthquake”. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal. 14:594–615.
Samantha, G. 2018. “The Impact of Natural Disasters on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs): A Case Study on 2016 Flood Event in Western Sri Lanka”, Procedia Engineering, 212, 744–751.
Stéphane, H.; ve Valentin, P. 2010. “The Economics of Natural Disasters”, CESifo Forum, ISSN 2190-717X, ifo Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung an der Universität München, München, Vol. 11, Iss. 2, 14-24.
Stevenson, J.R., Becker, J., Cradock-Henry, N., Johal, S., Johnston, D., Orchiston, C., ve Seville, E. 2017. “Economic And Social Reconnaissance: Kaıkōura Earthquake 2016”, Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 50, No. 2, June.343-351.
Sydnor, S., Niehm, N. Lee, Y. Marshall, M., ve Schrank, H. 2017. “Analysis of post-disaster damage and disruptive impacts on the operating status of small businesse after Hurricane Katrina”, Nat Hazards, 85:1637–1663.
Tierney, K. J. 1995. “Impacts Of Recent U.S. Disasters On Businesses: The 1993 Medwest Floods And The 1994 Northridge Earthquake”, University of Delaware Disaster Research Center Preliminary Paper, New York.
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı. 2023. 2023 Kahramanmaraş ve Hatay Depremleri Raporu. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-Kahramanmaras-ve-Hatay-Depremleri-Raporu.pdf. Son erişim tarihi: 28.04.2023.
Wasileski, G., Rodríguez, H., & Diaz, W. 2011. Business closure and relocation: a comparative analysis of the Loma Prieta earthquake and Hurricane Andrew. Disasters, 35(1), 102-129.
Webb, G.R., Tierney, K.J, Dahlhamer, J.M. 2002. “Predicting long-term business recovery from disaster: a comparison of the Loma Prieta earthquake and Hurricane Andrew”. Global Environ Chang Part B, Environ Hazards 4:45–58.
Weerasekara, S., Wilson, C., Lee, B., & Hoang, V. N. (2022). Impact of natural disasters on the efficiency of agricultural production: an exemplar from rice farming in Sri Lanka. Climate and Development, 14(2), 133-146.
Wisetjindawat, W., Burke, M. I., & Fujita, M. (2017). Analysing impacts of natural disasters on logistics activities: flood risks and petroleum fuels in Queensland, Australia. Transportation research procedia, 25, 1198-1212.
Yıldırım, A. Şimşek, H. 2000. Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (Gözden Geçirilmiş 2. Basım). Ankara, Seçkin Yayınları.
Zlateva, P., Galabov, M., ve Velev, D. 2023. “An Approach To Analysis Of The Impact Of Natural Disasters On The Economic Efficiency And Profitability Of Business”, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLVIII-M-1-2023 39th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment (ISRSE-39) “From Human Needs to SDGs”, 24–28 April 2023, Antalya, Türkiye, 403-408.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Author(s) must make formal transfer of copyright for each article prior to publication in the International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences. Such transfer enables the Journal to defend itself against plagiarism and other forms of copyright infringement. Your cooperation is appreciated. You agree that copyright of your article to be published in the International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences is hereby transferred, throughout the World and for the full term and all extensions and renewals thereof, to International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences.
The Author(s) reserve(s): (a) the trademark rights and patent rights, if any, and (b) the right to use all or part of the information contained in this article in future, non-commercial works of the Author's own, or, if the article is a "work-for-hire" and made within the scope of the Author's employment, the employer may use all or part of the information contained in this article for intra-company use, provided the usual acknowledgements are given regarding copyright notice and reference to the original publication.
The Author(s) warrant(s) that the article is Author's original work, and has not been published before. If excerpts from copyrighted works are included, the Author will obtain written permission from the copyright owners and shall credit the sources in the article. The author also warrants that the article contains no libelous or unlawful statements, and does not infringe on the rights of others. If the article was prepared jointly with other Author(s), the Author agrees to inform the co-Author(s) of the terms of the copyright transfer and to sign on their behalf; or in the case of a "work-for-hire" the employer or an authorized representative of the employer.
The journal is registered with the ISSN : 1925-4423.
IJCEAS is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.
